Introduction of Arabica coffee beans varieties - From drip coffee bag packing machine manufacturer
Arabica coffee has a great family with many members. Coffee trees are flowering plants of the genus Rubiaceae. There are currently about 120 species, ranging from small shrubs to 18 meters tall trees. Wild coffee species grow irregularly in tropical areas, and new species are still being discovered today. Strictly speaking, there are only two major species of the coffee genus that are artificially cultivated for coffee production: Arabica coffee (Arabica) and Canephora coffee. However, in order to meet the needs of domestic coffee consumption, a few countries like the Philippines have planted a third species, Liberia coffee.
The origin of Coffea Arabica is Ethiopia’s Abyssinia Plateau. It was primarily used as medicine in the early stage (used by Islamic monks as a secret medicine for healing the body and mind or Used to refresh the brain), the habit of baking and drinking was cultivated in the 13th century, and it was introduced to Europe through the Arab region in the 16th century, and then it became a common favorite drink for people all over the world.
Arabica coffee occupies 70%-80% of all coffee production. Its excellent flavor and aroma make it the only coffee that can be consumed directly among all coffee species. However, its resistance to dryness, frost damage, pests and diseases is too low, and it is particularly intolerant to the natural enemy of coffee—leaf rust. Therefore, various producing countries are working on the improvement of varieties.
It turns out that all commercial coffee in the world is small-grain coffee. It was only at the end of the 19th century that a large number of coffee farms closed down due to the ravages of leaf rust, and growers began to look for other disease-resistant varieties.
Granola is still the most important coffee variety, accounting for about 3/4 of the world's total coffee production. It is mainly grown in countries in Latin America, and some are grown in Indonesia and Pacific Islands. The geographical and climatic conditions of Brazil, the world's largest coffee producing area, are very suitable for the growth of small coffee. The main coffee varieties grown are also small coffee. Brazil's coffee production accounts for more than 1/3 of the world's total output.
The fruit of small coffee is smaller than that of medium coffee and large coffee. The berry is oval and usually contains two seeds, the so-called "coffee beans".
Typica coffee is the native species of all Arabica varieties. It is said that typica originated in southern Sudan and gradually flourished in Ethiopia. It was eventually planted in Yemen around the 7th century for commercial production. Typica was brought to the East Indies by the Dutch, and was the first coffee variety that came to the West Indies, which Gabriel Decley planted in Martinique in 1720.
The ripe fruit of typica coffee bean is red. The yield of this variety is relatively low and disease resistance is extremely poor, but its excellent cupping quality still makes it popular all over the world.
Bourbon coffee is the product of genetic mutations in the original typica species in Reunion, and it is also the paternal and even grandpaline species of many popular coffee species in Latin America, including Cardura, catuai coffee, Pacas, New World, etc. Bourbon is still very popular in Latin America today, traveled farther to Africa, and settled in Rwanda and Burundi. The mature fruits of bourbon are mostly red, and there are also yellow or orange varieties. The yield of Bourbon is about 20% to 30% higher than that of Dibica; Although the flavor is slightly sweeter and sometimes more balanced, the two varieties of coffee are generally very close.
Catimor coffee is a cross between Kadura and Timor-don't get confused with Kadura and catuai coffee. This highly disease-resistant plant has the ability to withstand coffee leaf rust, so it was widely planted in Latin American countries in the 1980s. Unfortunately, because the Timor species (also known as the Arabusta species) is a natural cross between the typica Arabica species and the Robusta species, although the latter can confer disease resistance, the Arabica species The delicate taste disappeared.
Brazil bred catuai coffee in the 1950s. It is a hybrid between Kadura and the New World with strong disease resistance and high yield. Similar to Kadura, mature fruits of catuai coffee are naturally divided into red and yellow (I personally prefer the former). catuai coffee is known for its strong acidity and is a common variety in most Central American countries.
In the 1930s, people discovered a Bourbon gene mutation near the city of Cadura, Brazil, and named it caturra coffee. Caturra coffee has a high yield and compact plants are easy to pick, but if planted in a lower altitude environment, this feature becomes its own worst enemy-the coffee will become quite light here, so the fruit itself The weight can crush the plant. If planted in a high-altitude environment (above 1200 meters), Kadura's coffee quality and yield can be more assured. caturra coffee is a common variety in the Central American coffee belt.
The slightly elongated fruit and leaves of Geisha coffee is a genetic mutant of typica, and it is said to be native to Gexia, a small city in southwestern Ethiopia. In the 1930s, Geisha coffee seeds were shipped to Tanzania, and then to Costa Rica in the 1950s. These two countries are the only important growers of Geisha outside Panama-although Panama is the best spokesperson for Geisha.
In the high-altitude planting area of Panama, Geisha proved to the world that it is an undisputed coffee variety with its tropical flavor, citrus and tea characteristics. (Annotation: Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is called the King of Coffee). Everyone loves good coffee, and sincerely hope that Geisha can go to other countries.
Mundo novo coffee is a hybrid of Bourbon and typica. It first appeared in the 1940s and is still popular among coffee producing countries in Latin America. Its disease resistance and yield are better than Bourbon and typica, but the price is insufficient flavor complexity.
maragogype coffee is considered to be a natural genetic mutant of typica, and it was first discovered near Maragojpe (just one word) in the Bahia region of Brazil. maragogype coffee is a well-known bulk coffee bean, and it is also the paternal variety of Pacamara.
Pacamara coffee was bred by El Salvador in the late 1950s. It is a hybrid of Pacas and Maragogipe coffee and is very popular today. Similar to Malago Gippe, it is large—usually twice as large as standard Bourbon coffee beans—but the yield is average. Pacamara coffee is widely praised for its quality. It has clean acidity and fresh floral fragrance. The higher the planting altitude, the more advantageous it is.
El Salvador discovered Bourbon's natural genetic mutant Pacas coffee in 1949. Its compact plant can withstand relatively low altitude conditions, so people use it to cross with Maragogipe, which has the opposite character.
The El Salvador Institute of Coffee (ISIC) began artificial selection and breeding of Bourbon Pointu coffee plants in 1949. After 28 years of unremitting efforts, it finally cultivated the dwarf Tik species in 1977, also known as the "improved version of Bourbon." . Although the yield of Tik's variety is relatively low, the long cultivation process makes it very charming and full of complex flavors. Farmers in El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala admire this variety very much and try to use it to improve their coffee quality.
This villa sarchi variety is a genetic mutant of Bourbon, first discovered by Costa Rica in the city of Salqui. Its branches and trunk form a steep angle, and among the vast ordinary green leaves, its leaves are of interesting bronze color. The fruity flavor of Vera Saki is very good. In addition, its yield is high, and its disease resistance is justified.
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